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A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder or urethra. With the right care and support, UTIs can be treated and often prevented.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. This includes the:
- kidneys, which filter the blood and make urine (wee)
- ureters – the tubes that carry urine (wee) to the bladder
- bladder, which stores urine (wee)
- urethra – the tube that carries urine (wee) out of the body.
With the right care and support, UTIs can be treated and often prevented.
Symptoms of UTIs
Common symptoms include:
- burning or discomfort when passing urine (wee)
- needing to pass urine (wee) more often or urgently
- urine (wee) that looks cloudy or has a strong smell
- leaking urine (wee)
- pain in the lower stomach or back
- passing only small amounts of urine (wee)
- fever, confusion, nausea or vomiting.
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to speak to your doctor.
Causes of UTIs
Most UTIs are caused by E. coli bacteria from the bowel entering the urinary system.
Factors that may make UTIs more likely include:
- hormone changes eg during menopause
- some types of contraception eg vaginal creams or diaphragms
- diabetes, which can affect the body’s ability to fight infection
- blockages in the urinary tract eg kidney stones, enlarged prostate (men), constipation
- using a urinary catheter
- wiping from back to front after using the toilet.
Preventing a UTI
To help prevent UTIs:
- Drink enough fluids so your urine is pale yellow.
- Wash your hands and wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
- Empty your bladder after sex if this has triggered UTIs in the past.
- Sit properly on the toilet and take time to fully empty the bladder.
Treatment options
If you think you might have a UTI, talk to your doctor straight away. They can organise a urine (wee) test, offer treatment options and prescribe antibiotics if needed.
If UTIs happen regularly, your doctor may refer you to a specialist for further support.
How long do UTIs last?
With treatment, most people start to feel better within 1 to 2 days. More serious infections, such as those affecting the kidneys, may take longer.
Resources
Fact sheets you can download or order.
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